Well-known BGP Communities
So-called well-known communities are defined in RFCs and must be processed by all BGP speaking entities. The IANA keeps a list of well-known communities.
The following well-known communities are quite useful.
NO-EXPORT
BGP prefixes tagged with NO-EXPORT must not be advertised via eBGP to other Autonomous Systems. Defined in RFC1997, this well-known community is useful for:
- Announcing more specific prefixes to your eBGP neighbors and making sure they are not announced further. To do this, set NO-EXPORT on your outgoing route-map (or similar).
- Keeping your own specific routes inside your own AS. For this, set NO-EXPORT when injecting your prefixes into BGP and leave it off the network blocks which should be announced externally.
NO-AVERTISE
This well-known community is even stricter then NO-EXPORT. NO-ADVERTISE forbids a router from announcing a prefix to any BGP neighbor; this also includes iBGP.
NO-PEER
Defined in RFC3765 this community marks prefixes which should not be advertised via bilateral peering sessions.
BLACKHOLE
Defined 2016 in RFC7999, this well-known community asks the receiving operator to blackhole or block all traffic destined to the prefix with this community attached.
For this to work properly, the receiver should accept longer than usual prefixes (up to /32 in IPv4 and up to /128 in IPv6). Also, the receiver should not propagate these prefixes further, so either the sender also attaches a NO-EXPORT or the receiver should. The purpose, of course, is to fight DOS or DDOS attacks.
ACCEPT-OWN
Defined in RFC7611.
GRACEFUL-SHUTDOWN
Defined in RFC8326.
LLGR-STALE and NO-LLGR
Both defined in RFC9494.